History of Monmouth
Monnow Bridge
The only surviving Norman Fortified Bridge
Monmouth situated on the River Monnow on the
border with England was a Roman fortification between the 1st and 4th centuries
CE. Little is known of the town until it became and important military and
economic center after the Norman conquest in 1066.
The Normans founded a settlement here and a
castle was built in 1068. Monmouth castle is one of three, the other two being
Skenfrith and Grosmont to the north, which the Normans built to guard the
borderland against Welsh raids. Monmouth also boasts the only surviving Norman
fortified bridge.
In 1387 Henry of Monmouth, who became Henry V,
was born at Monmouth castle and his famous victory against the French at
Agincourt in 1415 is commemorated around the town with the likes of Agincourt
Square.
·
Many Tudor and Georgian buildings survive today
and the Shire Hall is a particularly fine example. Horatio, Lord Nelson was a famous
visitor to Monmouth and he is remembered in a museum in the town. Many of the
artefacts were collected by the mother of Charles Rolls (of Rolls Royce fame),
who is another famous son of Monmouth and his statue stands alongside one of
Henry V.
Some confusion
existed for centuries as to whether Monmouth and the County of Monmouthshire
were in Wales or England. This arose after the Act of Union of 1536 established
13 Welsh Counties and defined a clear border with England. A Welsh court system
was established for twelve of the Welsh counties but this left one county,
Monmouth under the English court system.
The matter
was settled by a court ruling in 1970 putting Monmouthshire in Wales and in
1972 the county was replaced by the new Welsh County of Gwent which roughly
corresponded to it.
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Wales, Welsh History
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Wales is a Principality
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